The zip() function combines data from multiple iterables or sequences, converting an iterable or sequence with n elements into n-tuples. The previous example uses the zip() function to combine data from two sample sets, generating a sequence of two-tuples. The…
Python Repeating a Single Value with repeat() The function repeat() seems a bit strange: it repeatedly returns a single value. It can be used instead of the cycle() function when a single value is needed. The difference between selecting all…
Python Adding Parameters to Decorators A common requirement is to customize a decorator with additional parameters. We can do more complex processing than simply creating a composite function f o g(x). Using parameterized decorators, we can create (f(c) o g)(x).…
Some functional languages (such as Haskell and Scala) are statically compiled, using type declarations to determine the types of functions and their arguments. To achieve Python-like flexibility, these languages have developed their own type matching rules, allowing for abstract functions…
Python itertools Module Code Examples. The “Itertools Recipes” section of the “itertools” chapter of the Python library documentation contains many examples of using the module’s functions. I will not repeat the content in the documentation here, but will directly quote…
Python Filtering True Conditional Expressions There are several ways to determine which expressions evaluate to True. The previous example loaded the key into a dictionary. This dictionary loading method only retains the value for which the key is True. Another…
Python Assigning Rank Values Below, we will solve the ranking problem in two parts. First, we create a general higher-order function to assign a rank value to the x or y attribute of a Pair object. Then, we use this…
Python Using Counters for Mapping When you need to group a collection by certain values and calculate the frequency, you can use optimization tools such as collections.Counter. In functional programming, grouped data is typically processed in two steps: first sorting…
Combining two transformations: Combining multiple transformations can create complex mappings, transforming raw data into intermediate values and then producing a final result. Here’s how to combine color truncation and mapping. Truncation is difficult in some problem domains, but simple in…
Python Cartesian Product, “Cartesian product” refers to generating all possible combinations of elements from a set. From a mathematical perspective, the product of two sets {1, 2, 3, …, 13} x {C, D, H, S} is a set of 2-tuples…