Python vs. C++ Both Python and C++ are among the most popular programming languages. They each have their strengths and weaknesses. In this chapter, we’ll examine their characteristics. Compiled vs. Interpreted C++, like C, is a compiler-based language. The compiler…
Python Enumerations The term “enumeration” refers to the process of assigning a set of strings to fixed constant values, so that each string can be identified by the value associated with it. Python’s standard library provides the enum module. The…
Python User-Defined Exceptions Python also allows you to create your own exceptions by deriving classes from standard built-in exceptions. Below is an example with a user-defined class called MyException. Here, a class is created that derives from the base Exception…
Removing Array Elements in Python The array class allows us to remove elements from an array through two methods. The two methods are remove() and pop(). array.remove() Method The remove() method removes the first occurrence of a specified value from…
Deleting Dictionary Items in Python Using the del Keyword Python’s del keyword can delete any object from memory. Here, we use it to delete a key-value pair from a dictionary. Grammar del dict['key'] Example numbers = {10:"Ten", 20:"Twenty", 30:"Thirty",40:"Forty"} print…
Python File Handling When we use any computer application, we need to provide some data. This data is stored in the computer’s main memory (RAM) until the application finishes running, at which point the memory is cleared. We want to…
Python Dictionary Loop Unlike lists, tuples, or strings, the Python dictionary data type is not a sequence because items do not have positional indices. However, dictionaries can still be iterated over using various techniques. Example 1 Run a simple for…
Python Tools/Utilities The standard library contains many modules that can be used both as modules and as command-line tools. dis Module The dis module is a disassembler for Python. It converts bytecode into a more human-readable format. Example import dis…
Changing List Items in Python Lists are mutable data types in Python. This means that after the object is stored in memory, the contents of the list can be modified in place. You can assign a new value to a…
Python Weak References Python uses a reference counting mechanism to implement its garbage collection strategy. Each time an object in memory is referenced, a reference count is incremented. Conversely, when a reference is removed, the reference count is decremented. If…