Differences between Python and C++

C++ is a mid-level, case-sensitive, object-oriented language. Bjarne Stroustrup created C++ at Bell Labs. C++ is a cross-platform programming language that runs on Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX. C++ is close to the hardware, allowing for low-level programming. This allows you to control memory, improve performance, and write reliable software.

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. Python is used for web development, machine learning, and other cutting-edge software. Python is suitable for both new and experienced C++ and Java programmers. Guido Van Rossam created Python at the National Research Institute of the Netherlands, and Python was released in 1991. Beginners should learn Python.

Read this article for an overview of C++ and Java and the differences between these two programming languages.

What is C++?

C++ is a statically typed, compiled, multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language with a steep learning curve. It is widely used in video games, desktop applications, and embedded systems. C++ is highly compatible with C and can build almost any C source code without any modifications. Object-oriented programming makes C++ better structured and safer than C.

Features of C++

Let’s look at some of C++’s features and reasons for its popularity.

• Mid-Level Language – It is a mid-level language because it can be used for system development and large-scale consumer applications such as media players, Photoshop, and game engines.

• Execution Speed – C++ code runs fast because it is a compiled language and makes extensive use of processes. Garbage collection, dynamic typing, and other modern features can affect program execution.

• Object-Oriented Language – Object-oriented programming offers flexibility and manageability. Large applications can be implemented. This growth makes procedural code more difficult to manage. This is one of C++’s key advantages over C.

• Extensive Library Support – C++ has a vast library library. Support for third-party libraries enables rapid development.

C++ Examples

Let’s explore C++ syntax through the following examples.

#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a, b;
cout << "input variable a's value n";
cin >> a;
cout << "input variable b's value";
cin >> b;
cout << "the values of a are "<< a << " and " << b";
return 0;
}

In our example, we accept input from the keyboard for two variables, “a” and “b”, and display the data on the console.

Output

After execution, it will produce the following output –

input variable a's value
10
input variable b's value
20
the values of a are 10 and 20

What is Python?

Python is currently one of the most widely used programming languages. It is an interpreted programming language that operates at a high level. Compared to other languages, Python has a much lower learning curve and is quite simple to use.

Python is the preferred programming language for professionals in fields such as artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML), data science, and the Internet of Things (IoT) because it excels both in scripting applications and as a standalone program.

Python is also a preferred language because it is easy to learn. Its excellent syntax and readability reduce maintenance costs. Its modularity and code reusability contribute to its support for various packages and modules.

Using Python, we can do the following:

• Website development

• Data analysis and machine learning

• Automation and scripting

• Software testing, etc.

Features of Python

The following is a list of some important features of Python:

• Easy to learn − Python has a simple structure, few keywords, and a clear syntax. This makes it easy for students to learn quickly. Code written in Python is also easier to read and understand.

• Easy to maintain − Python’s source code is very easy to follow.

• Large standard library − Most Python libraries are easily portable and available for UNIX, Windows, and Mac.

• Portability − Python can run on a variety of hardware platforms, all with the same interface.

Python Example

Take a look at the following simple Python program −

a = int(input("Enter a value"))
b = int(input("Enter b value"))

print("You entered the value of a", a)
print("You entered the value of b", b)

In our example, we take two variables, “a” and “b,” and assign them some values. Note that in Python, we don’t need to explicitly declare the data types of variables because the PVM will assign data types based on the user’s input.

• input() is used to get input from the user via the keyboard.

• In Python, input only returns a string, so we must explicitly convert it to the desired data type. In our example, we use the int() function to explicitly convert to an int data type.

• print() is used to display output.

Output

After execution, this Python code will produce the following output:

Enter the value of a 10
Enter the value of b 20

The value you entered for a is 10
The value you entered for b is 20

Differences between C++ and Python

The following table highlights the key differences between C++ and Python:

Conclusion

Python’s simple syntax makes it easy to read and code. Python is a good choice for building website backends, while C++ is less popular for building any type of website.

Python is also a good language for analyzing data and teaching computers to learn. While C++ can be used for machine learning, it’s not a good choice. Python is easier to use and has a good support system for AI and ML frameworks.